2019 WAEC SSCE HISTORY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (OBJ/ESSAY) NOW AVAILABLE

History 2 (Essay) – 2:00p.m. – 4:00 p.m. History 1 (Objective) – 4:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m. 

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11-20. CDCCBBDABB
21-30. DCCDDBCAAB
31-40.DBADDAACBC
41-50. CCACDCACAC

HISTORY THEORY 
(1)
(i)ICT provides opportunities for the
teaching of historical enquiry, including
the generation and testing of historical
hypotheses and problems, as opposed
to only learning historical facts
(ii)ICT and multimedia fit well with the multi-source nature of history – they
can give a ‘total picture’ and can allow
pupils to integrate evidence into their
work
(iii)ICT promotes collaboration
between pupils and can contribute to
the development of historical thinking
(iv)ICT helps to alleviate the constraints of writing and allows pupils to concentrate on the specific topic
or discussion – this encourages reflection, analysis and understanding
(v)ICT can be used to help teachers support, or scaffold, the development
of historical thinking and understanding at all levels

(2a)
- Etching tools
- Stainless steel edgesfoe dry points
- Sharpening Stones
(2b)
- cutting
- bending
- molding
- laminatin

(5a)

(5)
(i) By Mary Slessor; a Scottish missionary who worked tirelessly for women and children’s rights, and halted the practice of killing twins among the Efik people in southern Nigeria
(ii) By ending barbaric practices, Christianity began to be deeply engrained in the way of life of Nigerians after obtaining independence from Britain. 
(iii) By guiding Family names, similar to those of former missionaries became common amongst Nigerians and many opted for Biblical names more often than before. These Christian names are more common in southern Nigeria where Christianity is the dominant religion.
(iv) By provided a platform for the establishment of western education in Nigeria. Western ideas of individualism and rationalism began to replace traditional values of communal living and existence. In schools, people were introduced to new ideologies, which spanned across different areas of human existence. 
(v) By emergence of churches in Nigeria dates back to 1853 when St. Peter’s Church was founded in Lagos, Nigeria. It was founded by Catechist James White, Reverend Charles Gollmer and Reverend Ajayi Crowther, who later became Bishop. It was the first ever church building to be erected in Lagos. Over time, more churches were built in other cities as Christianity continued to spread in Nigeria.
=====================


(6)
The zeal to spread Christianity. Some of the missionaries Wen: dctennlned to ensure that Christianity spread into the interior of the country. especially utter their initial success in the Colony

The desire to abolish the slave trade that was still going on in the hinterland. The missionaries believed that the trade was ungodly and inhuman. and that they had adutytoensure thntitwushrought to mend. The desire of the colonial government to extend her influence into the intetior of Sierra Leone also encomged the missionaries to move into the men. Some of the missionaries were spying agents who supplied information about the political and economic situations of the interior to the colonial government.

The better prepmations made by the missionaries especially from the 18308. They were better pnpmed and had more funds than before.

The competition among the missions to secure more converts and establish greater inuueuce in the interior was also a pushing factor. Evety mission wanted to win more souls to Christianity.

Improvement in the medical field also encouraged the missionaries to move in large numhem than before into the inten'or of Sierra Leone. With the discoveries of the causes and cure of diseases like malaria, yellow fevet and dwemery, they no longer feared the diseases.

The construction of the railway linking the colony and the interior in the late 19‘11 century impmved the transportation system, thus encouraging the missionaries to extend inlantl.


(7)
(i)He worked for the Royal Niger Company. He pursued negotiations with various kings and chiefs so as to gain recognition of the company's power in the region and, by extension, that of the British over other European rivals.
(ii)Lugard was recalled by the British government so that he could organize a force of native Africans to defend British interests against the French in Lagos and Nigeria. His West African Frontier Force remained under Lugard's command until December 1899.
(iii)Lugard served as high commissioner of the protectorate of Northern Nigeria. Various local potentates, such as the sultan of Sukoto, refused to accept the provisions of treaties that they had signed
(iv)Lugard had secured British control over all of Nigeria, though the military still confronted uprisings. His efforts also resulted in an improvement in British commerce; newly laid rail lines carried tin, peanuts, and cotton to the coast.
(v) Lugard favored indirect rule; by defeating indigenous rulers, he could control their peoples on behalf of the British. He accepted emirs who no longer traded slaves, acknowledged British authority, and introduced the measures that the British desired.


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WAEC 2019 Computer Studies Obj & Essay Answers Now Available Here

Computer Studies 2 (Essay)** – 3:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.

Computer Studies 1 (Objective)** – 4:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m. ===========================================

COMPUTER STUDIES OBJ

*2019 wassce computer study obj*✍✍
By
EXAMRULERS TEAM✔✔✌
1-10 - DCABBAACCD
11-20 - CBADCCAADA
21-30 - BBDAACABBA
31-40 - DDCBCCADCB
41-50 - ABBDACCAAD
completed✔
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COMPUTER STUDIES THEORY


(1a)
firewall is a system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network. In other word You can implement a firewall in either hardware or software form, or a combination of both.
(1aii)
(i)If you are using Windows XP, always turn on the firewall.
(ii)Always run all necessary latest updates & service packs (all windows! including all your programs & software!—keep them updated)
(1b)
(i)feasibility study- this extent to which the required software performs a series of steps to solve business problems and user requirements. This feasibility is dependent on human resources (software development team) and involves visualizing whether the software will operate after it is developed and be operative once it is installed.
(ii) Design – The prerequisite for this phase is the requirement specification document. In this phase, the system and software design are prepared based on the given requirements. The system design helps in specifying hardware and software requirements and overall defines the system architecture.

(iii) Maintenance –Problems arises once the customers start using the product. These problems need to be fixed from time to time. This is what is covered in the maintenance phase. The service engineers oblige the customers by solving the issue.

(2a)
(i) Add all basic details to every song (ie tag) : title, artist, album name, album artist, track number, year, genre
(ii) Add artwork for every track
(iii) Add lyrics for every track
(iv) Add genre category to each track
(2b)
(i) Copy
(ii) Move
(2c)
(i) file: is a computer resource for recording data discretely in a computer storage device. In other words Just as words can be written to paper, so can information be written to a computer file. Files can be edited and transferred through the internet
(ii) record: is a collection of fields, possibly of different data types, typically in fixed number and sequence

(3ai)
A storage device is any computing hardware that is used for storing, porting and extracting data files and objects. It can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently, and can be internal or external to a computer, server or any similar computing device.

(3aii)
Virtual memory is a memory management capability of an operating system (OS) that uses hardware and software to allow a computer to compensate for physical memory shortages by temporarily transferring data from random access memory (RAM) to disk storage.

(3bi)
For 2kb
1 byte = 8 bits.
1 Kilobyte = 8 x 10³ Bits.
1 Kilobyte = 8 x 1000 Bits.
1 KB = 8000 bits.
.:. 2kb = 8000 x 2 = 16,000bits

For 2mb
1mb = 1000kb
.:. 2mb = 2000kb
Where 1kb = 8000 bits,
Then to find 2000kb in bits
= 8000 x 2000
=16,000,000 bits

(3bii)
The total storage of the two devices in bits = 16,000 + 16,000,000
= 16,016,000 bits
.:. Changing to bytes
= 8 bits = 1 byte
.:. 16,016,000 bits = ?
= 2,002,000 bytes

(4ai)
Flowchart

(4aii)
I= terminator
J= input/output
K= decision
L= processing

(4bi)
Document stage is one of the most important activity in the system development life cycle that ensure the continuity of the system

Use any one👇👇
(4bii)
(i) portability
(ii) readability
(iii) flexibility
(iv) efficiency
(v) structural

Or

SPEED : In general, no human being can compete to
solving the complex computation, faster than computer.
ACCURACY : Since Computer is programmed, so what
ever input we give it gives result with accuratly.
STORAGE : Computer can store mass storage of data with
appropriate formate.
DILIGENCE : Computer can work for hours without any
break and creating error.
VERSATILITY : We can use computer to perform
completely different type of work at the same time.
POWER OF REMEMBERING : It can remember data for us.
NO IQ : Computer does not work without


(5ai)
Encryption is a process in which information is converted into a form which cannot be understood by unauthorized user.

 (5aii)
• Biometric
• Password

 (5aiii)
• Encryption hides your data from curious eyes

• Prevents unwanted access to documents and e-mail messages

COMPLETED... 

Correct WAEC 2019 Book Keeping Obj& Essay Answers Now Available Here

Book kepping Obj
1DDBABBBDDB,
11BAACCDDBBD
21BDCDCBCBCD
31CDDBBBDCDB
41ACBABAAACD

Book keeping Theory

1a)

A control account, often called a controlling account, is a

general ledger account that summarizes and combines all

of the subsidiary accounts for a specific type. In other

words, it’s a summary account that equals the sum of the

subsidiary account and is used to simplify and organize

the general ledger.

1b)

i)Control accounts provides a check on the accuracy of

entries made in the personal accounts in the sales ledger

and purchase ledger

ii)It could also assist in the location of errors, where

posting to the control accounts are made daily or weekly,

or even monthly

iii)Where there is a separate of clerical bookkeeping

duties, the control account provides an internal check.

1ci) Uses of Accounting ratios/Financial ratios

Financial ratios are not very useful on a stand-alone basis;

they must be benchmarked against something. Analysts

compare ratios against the following:

1. The Industry norm – This is the most common type of

comparison. Analysts will typically look for companies

within the same industry and develop an industry average,

which they will compare to the company they are

evaluating. Ratios per industry are also provided by

Bloomberg and the S&P. These are good sources of

general industry information. Unfortunately, there are

several companies included in an index that can distort

certain ratios. If we look at the food and beverage ratio

index, it will include companies that make prepared foods

and some that are distributors. The ratios in this case

would be distorted because one is a capital-intensive

business and the other is not. As a result, it is better to

use a cross-sectional analysis, i.e. individually select the

companies that best fit the company being analyzed.

2. Aggregate economy – It is sometimes important to

analyze a company’s ratio over a full economic cycle. This

will help the analyst understand and estimate a

company’s performance in changing economic conditions,

such as a recession.

3. The company’s past performance – This is a very

common analysis. It is similar to a time-series analysis,

which looks mostly for trends in ratios.

1cii) Limitations to Accounting ratios/Financial ratios

There are some important limitations of financial ratios

that analysts should be conscious of:

i)Many large firms operate different divisions in different

industries. For these companies it is difficult to find a

meaningful set of industry-average ratios.

ii)Inflation may have badly distorted a company’s balance

sheet. In this case, profits will also be affected. Thus a

ratio analysis of one company over time or a comparative

analysis of companies of different ages must be

interpreted with judgment

2a. Working capital is the amount of a company’s current

assets minus the amount of its current liabilities.

2b. Capital employed, also known as funds employed, is

the total amount of capital used for the acquisition of

profits. It is the value of all the assets employed in a

business and can be calculated by adding fixed assets to

working capital or subtracting current liabilities from total

assets.

2c. A fixed asset is an item with a useful life greater than

one reporting period, and which exceeds an entity’s

minimum capitalization limit .

2d. A current asset is cash and any other company asset

that will be turning to cash within one year from the date

shown in the heading of the company’s balance sheet. (If

a company has an operating cycle that is longer than one

year, an asset that will turn to cash within the length of its

operating cycle is considered to be a current asset.)

2e. The rate of stock turnover is a measure of the number

of times inventory is sold or used in a time period such as

a year. The equation for inventory turnover equals the cost

of goods sold or net sales divided by the average

inventory.

3a. The accrual concept in accounting means that

expenses and revenues are recorded in the period they

occur, whether or not cash is involved.

3b. The business entity concept states that the

transactions associated with a business must be

separately recorded from those of its owners or other

businesses. Doing so requires the use of separate

accounting records for the organization that completely

exclude the assets and liabilities of any other entity or the

owner.

3c. Dual Aspect Concept, also known as Duality Principle,

is a fundamental convention of accounting that

necessitates the recognition of all aspects of an

accounting transaction.

3d. PERIODICITY CONCEPT is the concept that each

accounting period has an economic activity associated

with it, and that the activity can be measured, accounted

for, and reported upon.

3e. The going concern principle is the assumption that an

entity will remain in business for the foreseeable future.

Conversely, this means the entity will not be forced to halt

operations and liquidate its assets in the near term at

what may be very low fire-sale prices.

4a)

A company is a legal entity made up of an association of

persons, be they natural, legal, or a mixture of both, for

carrying on a commercial or industrial enterprise.

4bi) An ordinary share represents equity ownership in a

company proportionally with all other ordinary

shareholders, according to their percentage ownership in

the company. All other shares of a company’s stock are,

by

definition , preferred shares

4b(ii)Preference shares, more commonly referred to as

preferred stock, are shares of a company’s stock with

dividends that are paid out to shareholders before

common stock dividends are issued. If the company

enters bankruptcy, the shareholders with preferred stock

are entitled to be paid from company assets first.

4b(iii) A debenture is a type of debt instrument that is not

secured by physical assets or collateral.

Debentures are backed only by the general

creditworthiness and reputation of the issuer. Both

corporations and governments frequently issue this type of

bond to secure capital.

4b(iv) The authorised capital of a company (sometimes

referred to as the authorised share capital, registered

capital or nominal

capital, particularly in the United States) is the maximum

amount of share capital that the company is authorised by

its constitutional documents to issue (allocate) to

shareholders.

5a) journal

(i)suspense purchase Dr GHC(19,000) , Cr GHC(19,000)

(ii)returns inwards suspenses Dr(8000), Cr(8000)

(iii)suspense cashbook Dr(19,600), Cr(19,000)

(iv)suspense cash ook Dr(98,000), Cr(98,000)

(v) repairs of plant and machinery Dr(11,000) , Cr(11,000)

(vi) customer sales Dr(158,980), Cr(158,950)

(vii) supplier suspense(25,500 *2) Dr(51,000) cr(51,000)

(5b)

Suspense A/C:

Debit side:

purchases(19,000)

cash book(19600)

cash book(98000)

credit side;

returns inward(8,000)

supplier (51,000)

c/f (77,600)

136,600

COMPLETED++++

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Waec 2019 Marketing Obj & Essay Answer Now Available.

Monday, 8th April, 2019

• Marketing 2 (Essay)** – 9:30 a.m. – 11:30 a.m.
• Marketing 1 (Objective)** – 11:30 a.m. – 12:20 p.m.
• 
  

ATTENTION :- PLEASE DONT COME HERE FOR FREE ANSWERS AGAIN… BE WARNED

---

MARKETING OBJ
01-10: EBBDBAAACB
11-20: BDEBBBAEED
21-30: BCACABDCBC
31-40: ADEEEBABAB
41-50: CAAAAEAEEB
51-60: DA——–

*MARKETING*
(1a)
(i)Color
(ii)Landscaping
(iii)Texture
(iv)Communication
(1b)
(i)Planning
(ii)Directing
(iii)Coordinating
(iv)Analysing past sales figures/trends to anticipate future product needs.
(v)Devising a merchandise plan using the above techniques.
(vi)Relaying the merchandise plan to the buyer who, in turn, can decide on what products, styles, colours etc

2a)
(i)This era gave rise to marketing departments
(ii)The era gave rise to marketing companies.
(iii)It led the relationship marketing and social media
(iv)mobile marketing was introduced
(v)The use of technology in marketing

(2b)
(i)Marketing creates employment
(ii)Marketing creates utilities.
(iii)Increases awareness of goods and services
(iv)Increases sales of company
(v)Marketing Helps in Transfer, Exchange and Movement of Goods
=================

1. Finding the Best Distribution Channels
Distribution is about deciding how you’ll get the goods or services you want to sell to the people who want to buy them. Having an idea for a product is great, but if you aren’t able to get that product to the customers you aren’t going to make money. Distribution can be as easy as setting up shop in the part of a city where your target customers are – but in an increasingly interconnected world, distribution more often than not now means that you’ll need to take your products or services to the customers.

2. Financing an Enterprise
It takes money to make money. As a business owner, an important function of marketing a product is finding the money through investments, loans, or your personal capital to finance the creation and advertising of your goods or services.

3. Deep Market Research
Market research is about gathering information concerning your target customers. Who are the people you want to sell to? Why should they buy from you as opposed to a rival business? Answering these questions requires that you do some on-the-ground observation of the market trends and competing products.

4. Setting Prices
Setting the correct price for your product or service can be a challenge. If you price it too high, you might lose customers – but if you price it too low you might be robbing yourself of profits. The “right” price normally comes through trial and error and doing some market research.

5. Product and Service Management
Once you’ve determined the target market and set the price of your product or service, the goal becomes to effectively manage the product or service. This involves listening to customers, responding to their wants and needs, and keeping your products and services fresh and up to date.

3ai)
product concept” is based upon the idea that customers prefer
products that have the most quality, performance, and features, some customers prefer a product that is simpler and easier to use.

3aii)
The Selling Concept proposes that customers, be individual or organizations will not buy enough of the organization’s products unless they are persuaded to do so through selling effort. So organizations should undertake selling and promotion of their products for marketing success.

3aiii)
Production Concept is a belief that states that the customers would always acquire products which are cheaper and more readily available (or widely available). The production concept advocates that more the products or
production, more would be the sales.

3aiv)
The societal marketing concept holds that the organization’s task is to determine the needs, wants, and interests of a target
market and to deliver the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors in a way that preserves or enhances the well being of both the individual consumer and society

5a Advertising is any communication, usually paid-for, specifically intended to inform and or influence one or more people.

5b
(1) direct mail
(2) newspapers and magazines
(3) radio advertising
(4) television advertising (5) film advertising
(6) outdoor advertising

5c
1. It Is a Costly Function
One strong objection to advertising is that it is a very costly function. Many studies have proved that the cost of ads exceeds that of sales by a small but significant percent. In theory, the high cost of advertising is covered by increased sales of the advertised product, but this usually is not the case.
Advertising is an indirect cost which is added into distribution expenses. When expenses increase, the selling price of products does too. With large advertisers spending thousands of dollars a week solely on ads and marketing, advertising costs make up a significant part of the price of an advertised product. Thus, consumers have to pay higher prices for products.
Advertising is an economic waste because unbalanced advertising causes certain goods to cost more than they should.

2. Misleading Claims About Products
Some advertisers cleverly create misleading impressions of their goods—they present a very rosy picture of their products with the object of increasing their sales. In reality, their item is of inferior quality

3. Encouragement of Monopoly
Advertisement restricts competition among products. Big industrialists and manufacturers can use advertising to increase their monopolistic control over the market against the public interest. Advertising increases awareness about a few products but causes all other options to be overlooked.

4. Confusion About Characteristics of Products
Many similar products are advertised on the market, but producers put great emphasis on minor differences in the formula, technique, or make of advertised goods. For example, there are many brands of shaving creams which perform the same function but are advertised as dramatically different products. Due to misinformation disseminated by advertising, it has become impossible for the average buyer to judge with any certainty the quality of the product they are buying.

6a)
1. Storage:
This is the basic function of warehousing. Surplus commodities which are not needed immediately can be stored in warehouses. They can be supplied as and when needed by the customers.

2. Price Stabilization:
Warehouses play an important role in the process of price stabilization. It is achieved by the creation of time utility by warehousing. Fall in the prices of goods when their supply is in abundance and rise in their prices during the slack season are avoided.

3. Risk bearing:
When the goods are stored in warehouses they are exposed to many risks in the form of theft, deterioration, exploration, fire etc. Warehouses are constructed in such a way as to minimise these risks. Contract of bailment operates when the goods are stored in wave-houses.

4. Financing:
Loans can be raised from the warehouse keeper against the goods stored by the owner. Goods act as security for the warehouse keeper. Similarly, banks and other financial institutions also advance loans against warehouse receipts. In this manner, warehousing acts as a source of finance for the businessmen for meeting business operations.

6b(i) the 3 mood of transportation are

a. By land e.g car or lorries or train
b. By air, e.g airplane
c. By sea e.g ship and canoe

6Bii

1. A waybill is a document issued by a
carrier giving details and instructions relating to the shipment of a consignment of goods. Typically it will show the names of the
consignor and consignee , the point of origin of the consignment, its destination, and route .

6bii
2
consignment note
A shipping agreement between the consignor of a shipment and the carrier of the shipment, which records the receipt of goods for shipment to a specified destination. The consignment note also specifies the
consignee of the shipment and the fee for shipment, but unlike a bill of lading, is not a document of title.

3. A delivery note is a document sent with a shipment of goods that describes the goods and the quantities being delivered. A delivery note is crucial in the shipment of goods. It will list the products that are contained within the package. Delivery notes generally don’t include the prices of the goods being shipped.

(8ai)
Demand: is the total amount of
goods and services that all
consumers are willing and able
to purchase at a specific price in
a marketplace. In other words, it
represents how much
consumers can and will buy from
suppliers at a given price level in
a market.

(8aii)
Need: is a consumer’s desire for
a product’s or service’s specific
benefit, whether that be
functional or emotional.

(8aiii)
Exchange: process is simply
when an individual or an
organisation decides to satisfy a
need or want by offering some
money or goods or services in
exchange.

(8aiv)
Market: is the exchange of goods
and services takes place as a
result of buyers and sellers being
in contact with one another,
either directly or through
mediating agents or institutions

(8av)
Transaction: is an activity in
which goods, services or money
is passed from one account or
person to another; and act of
doing business; an agreement,
exchange, contract that takes
place between two parties and
establishes a legal


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