Tuesday 21st May, 2019
Government 2 (Essay) – 09:30 a.m. – 11:30am
Government 1 (Objective) – 11:30 a.m – 12:30 p.m.
COMPLETED
*VERIFIED GOV OBJ*
By Wapdove Team
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THEORY
(1)
INVITE YOUR FRIENDS TO WAPDOVITE
By Wapdove Team
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THEORY
(1)
(i)Voting: We study governments so we can make an educated decision when it comes to voting. This means that you are not just going to make your voting decision on a speech or tv program that you see.
(ii) Knowledge: Studying government gives you knowledge. You are in a position to know more about the government than ever before. If you do not study governments then you are not going to know all of the ins and outs of politics.
(iii) Future: We can control the future of our country, including political movements and government decision making. Studying government is going to ensure that you can make a difference.
(iv) Improvements: There is always going to be the option to make improvements within different governments. If a government does not have a clear idea on one of their policies, this can be changed and improved over time, and you can understand this when you study the subject.
(v) Career choices: Studying the government is going to open many doors for you and you can decide whether or not you want to go into a career in politics (to make a difference as much as you see fit).
(2a)
A citizen is a person who is a legal member of and owes allegiance to a particular country he/she resides in which he/she enjoys full civil and political rights and will be ready to put his life at stake in defence of its territory when occasion calls for that
A citizen is a person who is a legal member of and owes allegiance to a particular country he/she resides in which he/she enjoys full civil and political rights and will be ready to put his life at stake in defence of its territory when occasion calls for that
(2b)
(i) Defence of the country: A citizen should be prepared to defend his/her country when it is threatened
(ii) Service to the nation: A citizen should not hesitate to serve his/her nation in any capacity he capable when called upon to do so.
(iii) Civic responsibilities: It is also the responsibility of a good citizen to register during registration exercise and vote during elections if he/she is qualified to do so.
(iv) Assisting the law enforcement agents: A good citizen should always be prepared to assist the police and other law enforcement agents in reducing crime rate in the country by giving them useful information
Q3b..
The Separation of Powers –
Why Is It Necessary?
History has time and again shown that unlimited power in
the hands of one person or group in most cases means
that others are suppressed or their powers curtailed. The
separation of powers in a democracy is to prevent abuse
of power and to safeguard freedom for all.
Sharing Power and Checking One
Another
The system of separation of powers divides the tasks of
the state into three branches: legislative, executive and
judicial.
These tasks are assigned to different institutions
in such a way that each of them can check the others. As
a result, no one institution can become so powerful in a
democracy as to destroy this system.
The Three Powers: Legislature, Executive, Judiciary
Checks and balances (rights of mutual control and
influence) make sure that the three powers interact in an
equitable and balanced way. The separation of powers is
an essential element of the Rule of Law, and is enshrined
in the Constitution.
Clear Distinctions
The separation of powers is also reflected in the fact that
certain functions must not be exercised by one and the
same person. Thus, the Federal President cannot at the
same time be a Member of the National Council, or a
judge who is appointed Minister or elected to be a
Member of the National Council must be temporarily
suspended from his/her judicial duties.
(i) Defence of the country: A citizen should be prepared to defend his/her country when it is threatened
(ii) Service to the nation: A citizen should not hesitate to serve his/her nation in any capacity he capable when called upon to do so.
(iii) Civic responsibilities: It is also the responsibility of a good citizen to register during registration exercise and vote during elections if he/she is qualified to do so.
(iv) Assisting the law enforcement agents: A good citizen should always be prepared to assist the police and other law enforcement agents in reducing crime rate in the country by giving them useful information
Q3b..
The Separation of Powers –
Why Is It Necessary?
History has time and again shown that unlimited power in
the hands of one person or group in most cases means
that others are suppressed or their powers curtailed. The
separation of powers in a democracy is to prevent abuse
of power and to safeguard freedom for all.
Sharing Power and Checking One
Another
The system of separation of powers divides the tasks of
the state into three branches: legislative, executive and
judicial.
These tasks are assigned to different institutions
in such a way that each of them can check the others. As
a result, no one institution can become so powerful in a
democracy as to destroy this system.
The Three Powers: Legislature, Executive, Judiciary
Checks and balances (rights of mutual control and
influence) make sure that the three powers interact in an
equitable and balanced way. The separation of powers is
an essential element of the Rule of Law, and is enshrined
in the Constitution.
Clear Distinctions
The separation of powers is also reflected in the fact that
certain functions must not be exercised by one and the
same person. Thus, the Federal President cannot at the
same time be a Member of the National Council, or a
judge who is appointed Minister or elected to be a
Member of the National Council must be temporarily
suspended from his/her judicial duties.
Q4a. A local government is a form of public administration which, in a majority of contexts, exists as the lowest tier of administration within a given state. … Local governments generally act within powers delegated to them by legislation or directives of the higher level of government.
1.The Legislative Power*
The first of the three powers has the task of passing laws
and supervising their implementation. It is exercised by
Parliament – i.e. the National and Federal Councils – and
the Provincial Diets.
The implementation of laws is the task of the executive
and judicial branches.
The first of the three powers has the task of passing laws
and supervising their implementation. It is exercised by
Parliament – i.e. the National and Federal Councils – and
the Provincial Diets.
The implementation of laws is the task of the executive
and judicial branches.
*2The Executive Power*
The executive branch has the task of implementing laws.
It comprises the Federal Government, the Federal
President and all federal authorities including the police
and the armed forces.
The Judicial Power (Judiciary)
Judges administer justice, viz. they decide disputes
independently and impartially. It is their task to ensure
that laws are complied with. Judges cannot be deposed
and cannot be assigned other positions against their will.
And the Parties?
As in other democratic countries the separation of powers
is also in Austria affected by the realities of the Party
State. The Members of government are, as a rule,
members of those parties which have a majority in
Parliament
The executive branch has the task of implementing laws.
It comprises the Federal Government, the Federal
President and all federal authorities including the police
and the armed forces.
The Judicial Power (Judiciary)
Judges administer justice, viz. they decide disputes
independently and impartially. It is their task to ensure
that laws are complied with. Judges cannot be deposed
and cannot be assigned other positions against their will.
And the Parties?
As in other democratic countries the separation of powers
is also in Austria affected by the realities of the Party
State. The Members of government are, as a rule,
members of those parties which have a majority in
Parliament
Q4b. Reasons For Creating Local Governments
1. Participatory democracy: Local governments provide an opportunity for the citizens to practise the democratic form of government in their community. They learn the techniques and skills of politics, by campaigning and contesting elections to represent their wards in the local government council. The training at this level prepares them for greater political participation at the state and national levels.
2. Bringing government closer to the citizens: Local governments are created to enable them to fashion out good policies and programmes which the local communities require. Local government functionaries are representatives of the central government and are empowered to enact bylaws, which would protect the collective interests of the people at the local level.
3. Equitable socio-economic development: Local governments are created to serve as a means of distributing the resources of the country equitably, for the socio-economic development of their localities. This is done through the equitable sharing of the resources and amenities of the country between the different tiers of government.
4. Choice of leadership: Local governments give people the opportunity to elect their own people as their representatives in the local government council. These personnel exercise governmental powers on behalf of the people, understand their people more than ’outsiders’ and are accountable to the electorate.
(6a)
(i)The 1914 constitution
(ii)The 1922 constitution
(iii)The 1946 constitution
(i)The 1914 constitution
(ii)The 1922 constitution
(iii)The 1946 constitution
(5)
Types of election
Types of election
1. General Election: refers to the conduct of election for various political parties, to enable them elect or choose their representatives in the state.
2. Referendum: is a type of election, demands to get on important political matter in the state, for example, when Sierra Leone wants to return to one party state in 1978. Also if important constitutional matters needed to be amended. It is similar to plebiscite.
3. Bye-election: is an election held to fill a vacant seat in a constituency due to a death of a representative or nullification of an election result in the court.
Note: Bye-elections are conducted only on constituencies where the incidence took place e.g.. Sierra Leone Bye elections to be conducted by N.E.C in Constituencies-87 & 106
Note: Bye-elections are conducted only on constituencies where the incidence took place e.g.. Sierra Leone Bye elections to be conducted by N.E.C in Constituencies-87 & 106
4. Run-off election or second ballot: it takes place in order to decide a winner after the first election failed to produce the winner with absolute majority. After the first election, candidates with low percents of the total votes cast are asked to withdraw and a second election for highest two is organized within a given period of time. In some countries, it will be done in weeks or months. A simple majority will declare the emerged winner
(6b)
(i)The constitution introduced a parliamentary system of government.
(ii)It established two legislative houses at both the federal and regional levels.
(iii)It retained the federal structure with the regions having residual powers.
(iv)The federal prime minister and regional premiers had executive powers conferred on them.
(i)The constitution introduced a parliamentary system of government.
(ii)It established two legislative houses at both the federal and regional levels.
(iii)It retained the federal structure with the regions having residual powers.
(iv)The federal prime minister and regional premiers had executive powers conferred on them.
(7a)
(i)Multi-Ethnicity : Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state.
(i)Multi-Ethnicity : Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state.
(ii)Power Sharing: Formula Power sharing has been one of the main issue militating against federalism in Nigeria.
(7b)
(i)Governmental powers are shared between the Federal and State governments.
(ii)Its operation is backed up by a federal constitution, which is usually written and rigid in nature.
(iii)It ensures equal representation of all groups.
(i)Governmental powers are shared between the Federal and State governments.
(ii)Its operation is backed up by a federal constitution, which is usually written and rigid in nature.
(iii)It ensures equal representation of all groups.
(8a)
(i) Ernest Ikoli
(ii) Samuel Akisanya
(iii) Dr. James Churchill Vaughan
(i) Ernest Ikoli
(ii) Samuel Akisanya
(iii) Dr. James Churchill Vaughan
(8b)
(i) Legislative council: It won all the three elective seats allocated to Lagos in the legislative council
(ii) Unity: It worked to promote national unity
(iii) National outlook: It was the first political party that had a national outlook in the competition of members
(iv) Modern nationalism: It could further be said that this movement brought modern nationalism to Nigeria.
(i) Legislative council: It won all the three elective seats allocated to Lagos in the legislative council
(ii) Unity: It worked to promote national unity
(iii) National outlook: It was the first political party that had a national outlook in the competition of members
(iv) Modern nationalism: It could further be said that this movement brought modern nationalism to Nigeria.
*SECTION B*
*Q9a.* The New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) is a socio-economic flagship Programme of the African Union (AU). NEPAD’s four primary objectives are to eradicate poverty, promote sustainable growth and development, integrate Africa in the world economy and accelerate the empowerment of women.
*Q9b*. The main objectives of NEPAD Council include:
1.Support the new partnership for Africa’s Development.
2. Support African leaders’ efforts to encourage public engagement in NEPAD strategies and projects.
3. Assist the Steering Committee and NEPAD
Secretariat in the implementation of NEPAD projects
O
4. Collaborate with NEPAD to undertake mutually reinforcing actions to help accelerate growth and make long-lasting gains against poverty
Secretariat in the implementation of NEPAD projects
O
4. Collaborate with NEPAD to undertake mutually reinforcing actions to help accelerate growth and make long-lasting gains against poverty
5. Encourage Africans in the Diaspora to actively participate in all efforts aimed at developing Africa
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